Industrial Age was a time great technological and social change. Though there were some adverse effects, on the whole it was beneficial to the mankind. World and civilization we live in were made possible by the transformations that took place during that age.
Great inventions of that age changed the way people live in fundamental way. Though what I consider the best invention of the age, the Steam Engines, is no longer in much use, its influence should not be underestimated.
Improvements in the production methods of iron and textiles demanded power to run bellows, machines, and mines as well as to transport goods and raw material. Answer came in the form of steam engine.
Basic Idea of Steam Engine
Boiled water produce steam, which confined to a limited area, creates pressure, which in turn can be used to move various things, including in most engines a cylinder in a piston.
Evolution of Steam Engine can be better studied as a series of inventions, each contributing significantly to the final product. There is no one inventor, but several people contributed, only the most prominent will be mentioned here.
The basic idea of harnessing the power of steam to accomplish tasks has been around since the time of Ancient Egypt. However, until Industrial Age it was never used with much effect.
Edward Somerset first sketched an engine in 1665. Denis Papin created a low powered cylinder and piston based engine in 1690. Thomas Savery got a patent in 1698 using an improved version of Somerset design. Thomas Newcomen created a new engine improving the ideas of both Savery and Papin in 1705.
James Watt improved design by adding the condensing chamber to cylinder thus generating more power. He got a patent for that in 1669. John Wilkinson’s precision iron boring tool improved the cylinder manufacture and improved power generation further.
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